National and local actors of drought governance in Europe: A comparative review of six cases from North-West Europe

With the motivation to improve the understanding on the national and local levels of governance, this chapter focuses on the actors at these two levels, such as ministries, provincial and municipal authorities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It specifically aims to create insights into the involvement of these actors in the design, implementation, and evaluation of drought resilience measures, and seeks to identify recommendations to improve this involvement. The chapter presents a comparative review of the six cases that were included within the scope of the 'DROP' (Benefits of governance in DROught adaptation) project. The geographical boundaries of the case studies included in the DROP project and compared in the chapter cover sub-national 'regions' that consists of several cities or towns. Amongst the six cases, the only case that covers a formally defined jurisdictional region is the Belgian case, where Flanders is examined as an entire federal region.