@article{27bb66de5c624c9b81fad871be3d3630,
title = "Off-centre gravity induces large-scale flow patterns in spherical Rayleigh–B{\'e}nard convection",
abstract = "We perform direct numerical simulations to study the effect of the gravity centre offset in spherical Rayleigh-B{\'e}nard convection. When the gravity centre is shifted towards the south, we find that the shift of the gravity centre has a pronounced influence on the flow structures. At low Rayleigh number Formula Presented, a steady-state large-scale meridional circulation induced by the baroclinic imbalance, created by the misalignment of the gravity potentials and isotherms, is formed. At high Formula Presented, an energetic jet is created on the northern side of the inner sphere that is directed towards the outer sphere. The large-scale circulation induces a strong co-latitudinal dependence in the local heat flux. Nevertheless, the global heat flux is not affected by the changes in the large-scale flow organization induced by the gravity centre offset.",
keywords = "Convection, fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics, turbulence, direct numerical simulations, heat transfer, high performance computing, UT-Hybrid-D",
author = "Guiquan Wang and Luca Santelli and Roberto Verzicco and Detlef Lohse and Stevens, {Richard J.A.M.}",
note = "Funding Information: G.W. and R.J.A.M.S. acknowledge financial support from ERC (the European Research Council) Starting grant no. 804283 UltimateRB. This work was sponsored by NWO Science for the use of supercomputer facilities. Funding Information: The authors thank the three anonymous referees for constructive comments that improved the paper. We also acknowledge the Irene at Tr{\`e}s Grand Centre de Calcul du CEA (TGCC) under PRACE project 2019215098, and the national e-infrastructure of SURFsara, a subsidiary of SURF cooperation, the collaborative ICT organization for Dutch education and research. We acknowledge PRACE for awarding us access to MareNostrum at Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Spain (projects 2020225335 and 2020235589). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1017/jfm.2022.360",
language = "English",
volume = "942",
journal = "Journal of fluid mechanics",
issn = "0022-1120",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
}