# On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations

Sergei Igonine, P.H.M. Kersten, I. Krasil'shchik

Research output: Book/ReportReportProfessional

### Abstract

We study the equation $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ of flat connections in a given fiber bundle and discover a specific geometric structure on it, which we call a \emph{flat representation}. We generalize this notion to arbitrary PDE and prove that flat representations of an equation $\mathcal{E}$ are in $1$-$1$ correspondence with morphisms $\varphi\colon\mathcal{E}\to\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$, where $\mathcal{E}$ and $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are treated as submanifolds of infinite jet spaces. We show that flat representations include several known types of zero-\hspace{0pt} curvature formulations of PDEs. In particular, the Lax pairs of the self-dual Yang--Mills equations and their reductions are of this type. With each flat representation $\varphi$ we associate a complex $C_\varphi$ of vector-\hspace{0pt} valued differential forms such that $H^1(C_\varphi)$ describes infinitesimal deformations of the flat structure, which are responsible, in particular, for parameters in B\"{a}cklund transformations. In addition, each higher infinitesimal symmetry $S$ of $\mathcal{E}$ defines a $1$-\hspace{0pt} cocycle $c_S$ of $C_\varphi$. Symmetries with exact $c_S$ form a subalgebra reflecting some geometric properties of $\mathcal{E}$ and $\varphi$. We show that the complex corresponding to $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ itself is $0$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic and $1$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic (independently of the bundle topology), which means that higher symmetries of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are exhausted by generalized gauge ones, and compute the bracket on $0$-\hspace{0pt} cochains induced by commutation of symmetries.
Original language Undefined Enschede Fundamentele Analyse 33 Published - 2002

### Publication series

Name memorandum Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente 1639 0169-2690

### Keywords

• MSC-37K25
• MSC-37K35
• MSC-58J10
• MSC-53C05
• EWI-3459
• IR-65826
• METIS-214163

### Cite this

Igonine, S., Kersten, P. H. M., & Krasil'shchik, I. (2002). On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations. (memorandum; No. 1639). Enschede: Fundamentele Analyse.
Igonine, Sergei ; Kersten, P.H.M. ; Krasil'shchik, I. / On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations. Enschede : Fundamentele Analyse, 2002. 33 p. (memorandum; 1639).
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abstract = "We study the equation $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ of flat connections in a given fiber bundle and discover a specific geometric structure on it, which we call a \emph{flat representation}. We generalize this notion to arbitrary PDE and prove that flat representations of an equation $\mathcal{E}$ are in $1$-$1$ correspondence with morphisms $\varphi\colon\mathcal{E}\to\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$, where $\mathcal{E}$ and $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are treated as submanifolds of infinite jet spaces. We show that flat representations include several known types of zero-\hspace{0pt} curvature formulations of PDEs. In particular, the Lax pairs of the self-dual Yang--Mills equations and their reductions are of this type. With each flat representation $\varphi$ we associate a complex $C_\varphi$ of vector-\hspace{0pt} valued differential forms such that $H^1(C_\varphi)$ describes infinitesimal deformations of the flat structure, which are responsible, in particular, for parameters in B\{"}{a}cklund transformations. In addition, each higher infinitesimal symmetry $S$ of $\mathcal{E}$ defines a $1$-\hspace{0pt} cocycle $c_S$ of $C_\varphi$. Symmetries with exact $c_S$ form a subalgebra reflecting some geometric properties of $\mathcal{E}$ and $\varphi$. We show that the complex corresponding to $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ itself is $0$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic and $1$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic (independently of the bundle topology), which means that higher symmetries of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are exhausted by generalized gauge ones, and compute the bracket on $0$-\hspace{0pt} cochains induced by commutation of symmetries.",
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author = "Sergei Igonine and P.H.M. Kersten and I. Krasil'shchik",
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Igonine, S, Kersten, PHM & Krasil'shchik, I 2002, On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations. memorandum, no. 1639, Fundamentele Analyse, Enschede.

On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations. / Igonine, Sergei; Kersten, P.H.M.; Krasil'shchik, I.

Enschede : Fundamentele Analyse, 2002. 33 p. (memorandum; No. 1639).

Research output: Book/ReportReportProfessional

TY - BOOK

T1 - On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations

AU - Igonine, Sergei

AU - Kersten, P.H.M.

AU - Krasil'shchik, I.

N1 - Imported from MEMORANDA

PY - 2002

Y1 - 2002

N2 - We study the equation $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ of flat connections in a given fiber bundle and discover a specific geometric structure on it, which we call a \emph{flat representation}. We generalize this notion to arbitrary PDE and prove that flat representations of an equation $\mathcal{E}$ are in $1$-$1$ correspondence with morphisms $\varphi\colon\mathcal{E}\to\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$, where $\mathcal{E}$ and $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are treated as submanifolds of infinite jet spaces. We show that flat representations include several known types of zero-\hspace{0pt} curvature formulations of PDEs. In particular, the Lax pairs of the self-dual Yang--Mills equations and their reductions are of this type. With each flat representation $\varphi$ we associate a complex $C_\varphi$ of vector-\hspace{0pt} valued differential forms such that $H^1(C_\varphi)$ describes infinitesimal deformations of the flat structure, which are responsible, in particular, for parameters in B\"{a}cklund transformations. In addition, each higher infinitesimal symmetry $S$ of $\mathcal{E}$ defines a $1$-\hspace{0pt} cocycle $c_S$ of $C_\varphi$. Symmetries with exact $c_S$ form a subalgebra reflecting some geometric properties of $\mathcal{E}$ and $\varphi$. We show that the complex corresponding to $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ itself is $0$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic and $1$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic (independently of the bundle topology), which means that higher symmetries of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are exhausted by generalized gauge ones, and compute the bracket on $0$-\hspace{0pt} cochains induced by commutation of symmetries.

AB - We study the equation $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ of flat connections in a given fiber bundle and discover a specific geometric structure on it, which we call a \emph{flat representation}. We generalize this notion to arbitrary PDE and prove that flat representations of an equation $\mathcal{E}$ are in $1$-$1$ correspondence with morphisms $\varphi\colon\mathcal{E}\to\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$, where $\mathcal{E}$ and $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are treated as submanifolds of infinite jet spaces. We show that flat representations include several known types of zero-\hspace{0pt} curvature formulations of PDEs. In particular, the Lax pairs of the self-dual Yang--Mills equations and their reductions are of this type. With each flat representation $\varphi$ we associate a complex $C_\varphi$ of vector-\hspace{0pt} valued differential forms such that $H^1(C_\varphi)$ describes infinitesimal deformations of the flat structure, which are responsible, in particular, for parameters in B\"{a}cklund transformations. In addition, each higher infinitesimal symmetry $S$ of $\mathcal{E}$ defines a $1$-\hspace{0pt} cocycle $c_S$ of $C_\varphi$. Symmetries with exact $c_S$ form a subalgebra reflecting some geometric properties of $\mathcal{E}$ and $\varphi$. We show that the complex corresponding to $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ itself is $0$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic and $1$-\hspace{0pt} acyclic (independently of the bundle topology), which means that higher symmetries of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{fc}}$ are exhausted by generalized gauge ones, and compute the bracket on $0$-\hspace{0pt} cochains induced by commutation of symmetries.

KW - MSC-37K25

KW - MSC-37K35

KW - MSC-58J10

KW - MSC-53C05

KW - EWI-3459

KW - IR-65826

KW - METIS-214163

M3 - Report

T3 - memorandum

BT - On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations

PB - Fundamentele Analyse

CY - Enschede

ER -

Igonine S, Kersten PHM, Krasil'shchik I. On symmetries and cohomological invariants of equations possessing flat representations. Enschede: Fundamentele Analyse, 2002. 33 p. (memorandum; 1639).