@inproceedings{f8eaf4de6c054dd0bb4d0e197ff1dd9c,
title = "Onset of continuous wave Nd:YAG and argon laser tissue ablation",
abstract = "To study the onset of tissue ablation by cw laser irradiation, aortic and myocardial bovine tissue samples were exposed in air to a 1 mm diameter laser beam of either 15 W Nd-YAG or 3.5 W Argon. Exposure times varied from 0.1 to 30s. The surface of the tissue was filmed with a resolution of 0.01 mm and recorded on video with time coding. A photodiode positioned underneath the tissue samples measured forward transmitted light. After exposure the tissue was processed for histology. The observed phenomena were divided in three phases: Phase A: The tissue surface slightly discolored while the transmission signal remained constant or slightly diminished. Phase B: Simultaneous with a 'pop' sound, the surface rose and the transmission dropped abruptly to about 50{\%} and remained at this level for several seconds during vaporization of tissue water. Histology showed ruptured layers and multiple vacuoles beneath the surface. Phase C: In the middle of the beam a spot of carbonized tissue was formed which grew concentrically from the center while a crater was formed.",
author = "Verdaasdonk, {Rudolf M.} and Cornelius Borst and {van Gemert}, {Martin J.C.}",
year = "1990",
month = "12",
day = "1",
doi = "10.1117/12.17624",
language = "English",
isbn = "0819402435",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
pages = "179--186",
editor = "Jacques, {Steven L.}",
booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
address = "United States",
}