Oriented 2D Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides by pulsed laser deposition

Junia S. Solomon; Nada Mrkyvkova; Vojtĕch Kliner; Tatiana Soto-Montero; Ismael Fernandez-Guillen; Martin Ledinský; Pablo P. Boix; Peter Siffalovic; Monica Morales-Masis

doi:10.1038/s41699-025-00571-3

Oriented 2D Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides by pulsed laser deposition

Junia S. Solomon
, Nada Mrkyvkova
, Vojtĕch Kliner
, Tatiana Soto-Montero
, Ismael Fernandez-Guillen
, Martin Ledinský
, Pablo P. Boix
, Peter Siffalovic
, Monica Morales-Masis^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

26 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halides present unique and tunable properties. However, direct and oriented synthesis is challenging due to low formation energies that lead to rapid, uncontrolled growth during solution-based processing. Here, we report the solvent-free growth of oriented n = 1 (PEA)₂PbI₄ RP films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In situ photoluminescence (PL) during deposition reveals the formation of the n = 1 phase at the early stages of growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) confirm a single oriented n = 1 phase, independent of the substrate. Co-localized spatially resolved PL and AFM further validate the conformal growth. While oriented growth is substrate-independent, film stability is not. (PEA)₂PbI₄ films grown on strained epitaxial MAPbI₃ remain stable for over 184 days without any sign of cation exchange. This work highlights the potential of PLD for direct, room-temperature synthesis of 2D (PEA)₂PbI₄ RP films and stable 2D/3D heterostructures.

Original language	English
Article number	50
Journal	npj 2D Materials and Applications
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00571-3
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025

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title = "Oriented 2D Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides by pulsed laser deposition",

abstract = "Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halides present unique and tunable properties. However, direct and oriented synthesis is challenging due to low formation energies that lead to rapid, uncontrolled growth during solution-based processing. Here, we report the solvent-free growth of oriented n = 1 (PEA)2PbI4 RP films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In situ photoluminescence (PL) during deposition reveals the formation of the n = 1 phase at the early stages of growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) confirm a single oriented n = 1 phase, independent of the substrate. Co-localized spatially resolved PL and AFM further validate the conformal growth. While oriented growth is substrate-independent, film stability is not. (PEA)2PbI4 films grown on strained epitaxial MAPbI3 remain stable for over 184 days without any sign of cation exchange. This work highlights the potential of PLD for direct, room-temperature synthesis of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 RP films and stable 2D/3D heterostructures.",

author = "Solomon, \{Junia S.\} and Nada Mrkyvkova and Vojtĕch Kliner and Tatiana Soto-Montero and Ismael Fernandez-Guillen and Martin Ledinsk{\'y} and Boix, \{Pablo P.\} and Peter Siffalovic and Monica Morales-Masis",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025. Financial transaction number: 2500196199",

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doi = "10.1038/s41699-025-00571-3",

language = "English",

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T1 - Oriented 2D Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides by pulsed laser deposition

AU - Solomon, Junia S.

AU - Mrkyvkova, Nada

AU - Kliner, Vojtĕch

AU - Soto-Montero, Tatiana

AU - Fernandez-Guillen, Ismael

AU - Ledinský, Martin

AU - Boix, Pablo P.

AU - Siffalovic, Peter

AU - Morales-Masis, Monica

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halides present unique and tunable properties. However, direct and oriented synthesis is challenging due to low formation energies that lead to rapid, uncontrolled growth during solution-based processing. Here, we report the solvent-free growth of oriented n = 1 (PEA)2PbI4 RP films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In situ photoluminescence (PL) during deposition reveals the formation of the n = 1 phase at the early stages of growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) confirm a single oriented n = 1 phase, independent of the substrate. Co-localized spatially resolved PL and AFM further validate the conformal growth. While oriented growth is substrate-independent, film stability is not. (PEA)2PbI4 films grown on strained epitaxial MAPbI3 remain stable for over 184 days without any sign of cation exchange. This work highlights the potential of PLD for direct, room-temperature synthesis of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 RP films and stable 2D/3D heterostructures.

AB - Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halides present unique and tunable properties. However, direct and oriented synthesis is challenging due to low formation energies that lead to rapid, uncontrolled growth during solution-based processing. Here, we report the solvent-free growth of oriented n = 1 (PEA)2PbI4 RP films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In situ photoluminescence (PL) during deposition reveals the formation of the n = 1 phase at the early stages of growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) confirm a single oriented n = 1 phase, independent of the substrate. Co-localized spatially resolved PL and AFM further validate the conformal growth. While oriented growth is substrate-independent, film stability is not. (PEA)2PbI4 films grown on strained epitaxial MAPbI3 remain stable for over 184 days without any sign of cation exchange. This work highlights the potential of PLD for direct, room-temperature synthesis of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 RP films and stable 2D/3D heterostructures.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007882325

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DO - 10.1038/s41699-025-00571-3

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AN - SCOPUS:105007882325

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VL - 9

JO - npj 2D Materials and Applications

JF - npj 2D Materials and Applications

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ER -

Oriented 2D Ruddlesden-Popper metal halides by pulsed laser deposition

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