Polymer Composites Containing Functionalized Nanoparticles and the Environment

In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the production and application of engineered nanomaterials and their polymeric nanocomposites. This steep increase in the quantities of nanomaterials raises the question of whether the unknown risks of engineered nanoparticles outweigh their benefits and what are the potential risks of such materials on our health and the environment. There are several research results available focusing on the nanomaterials' harmful potential such as the toxicological effect on living organs, and other adverse environmental effects. However, no clear guidelines exist to quantify these effects and to prevent unplanned environmental costs.Therefore, it is necessary for research and industrial communities to engage in nanotoxicological research, risk assessment protocol development, and safe handling guidelines preparation to minimize the environmental consequences of nanoparticles. This chapter will focus on the environmental effects of nanomaterials, nanotoxicology, and their novel and innovative environmentally friendly applications.