TY - JOUR
T1 - Potential impacts of bike-and-ride on job accessibility and spatial equity in São Paulo, Brazil.
AU - Pritchard, John P.
AU - Bogado Tomasiello, Diego
AU - Giannotti, Mariana
AU - Geurs, Karst
N1 - Funding Information:
As part of the ASTRID project this work has been funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO project number: 485-14-038 ) within the framework of the joint FAPESP-ESRC-NWO Joint Call for Transnational Collaborative Research Projects Sustainable Urban Development; The authors would also like to acknowledge the support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001), CAPES process number 1577479 ; and CNPq process number 310908/2017-5 . The authors would like to thank Dr. Ana Moreno-Monroy who graciously provided us with access to the employment dataset used for this analysis; and would also like to thank the four anonymous peer reviewers for their constructive criticism and valuable feedback. Appendix A
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - This paper examines the potential of the bicycle, as an access mode for transit trips, to reduce spatiotemporal inequalities in job accessibility in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. Three temporally dynamic potential job accessibility models are developed, (i) a GTFS-based (General |Transit Feed Specification) walk-and-ride model, (ii) an integrated GTFS-based bike-and-ride model that incorporates topography constraints, the availability of dedicated cycling infrastructure, waiting times at intersections and car traffic levels, and (iii) a car model that accounts for congestion using TomTom speed profiles. Cluster analysis is then used to analyze the geographic distribution of the associated improvements. The results show that bike-and-ride has the potential to substantially increase job accessibility in the different areas of the city, but does not result in a more equal spatial distribution of job accessibility, as measured by Gini coefficients. Most of the improvements are centered in middle to high income areas with good accessibility. Peripheral areas, that tend to be the poorest and have the lowest accessibility by transit, improve the least. The inclusion of the bicycle is not enough to counteract all of the other forces causing low job accessibility in these areas.
AB - This paper examines the potential of the bicycle, as an access mode for transit trips, to reduce spatiotemporal inequalities in job accessibility in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. Three temporally dynamic potential job accessibility models are developed, (i) a GTFS-based (General |Transit Feed Specification) walk-and-ride model, (ii) an integrated GTFS-based bike-and-ride model that incorporates topography constraints, the availability of dedicated cycling infrastructure, waiting times at intersections and car traffic levels, and (iii) a car model that accounts for congestion using TomTom speed profiles. Cluster analysis is then used to analyze the geographic distribution of the associated improvements. The results show that bike-and-ride has the potential to substantially increase job accessibility in the different areas of the city, but does not result in a more equal spatial distribution of job accessibility, as measured by Gini coefficients. Most of the improvements are centered in middle to high income areas with good accessibility. Peripheral areas, that tend to be the poorest and have the lowest accessibility by transit, improve the least. The inclusion of the bicycle is not enough to counteract all of the other forces causing low job accessibility in these areas.
KW - 22/4 OA procedure
U2 - 10.1016/j.tra.2019.01.022
DO - 10.1016/j.tra.2019.01.022
M3 - Article
VL - 121
SP - 386
EP - 400
JO - Transportation research. Part A: Policy and practice
JF - Transportation research. Part A: Policy and practice
SN - 0965-8564
IS - March
ER -