TY - JOUR
T1 - Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application
AU - Ladd, Mark E.
AU - Bachert, Peter
AU - Meyerspeer, Martin
AU - Moser, Ewald
AU - Nagel, Armin M.
AU - Norris, David G.
AU - Schmitter, Sebastian
AU - Speck, Oliver
AU - Straub, Sina
AU - Zaiss, Moritz
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
AB - Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
KW - 7 Tesla
KW - Human
KW - MRI
KW - MRS
KW - Ultra-high field
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049528855&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001
DO - 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85049528855
VL - 109
SP - 1
EP - 50
JO - Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
JF - Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
SN - 0079-6565
ER -