Quantification of the adult EEG background pattern

Objective Visual interpretation of EEG is time-consuming and not always consistent between reviewers. Our objective is to improve this by introducing guidelines and algorithms to quantify various properties, focussing on the background pattern in adult EEGs. Methods Five common properties were evaluated: (i) alpha rhythm frequency; (ii) reactivity; (iii) anterio–posterior gradients; (iv) asymmetries; and (v) diffuse slow-wave activity. A formal description was found for each together with a guideline and proposed quantitative algorithm. All five features were automatically extracted from routine EEG recordings. Modified time-frequency plots were calculated to summarize spectral and spatial characteristics. Visual analysis scores were obtained from diagnostic reports. Results Automated feature extraction was applied to 384 routine EEGs. Inter-rater agreement was calculated between visual and quantitative analysis using Fleiss’ kappa: κ = {(i) 0.60; (ii) 0.35; (iii) 0.19; (iv) 0.12; (v) 0.76}. The method is further illustrated with three representative examples of automated reports. Conclusions Automated feature extraction of several background EEG properties seems feasible. Inter-rater agreement differed between various features, ranging from slight to substantial. This may be related to the nature of various guidelines and inconsistencies in visual interpretation.