TY - JOUR
T1 - Remnants of a Young Monogenetic Volcanic Field and the Fragile Balance of Anthropogenic Interaction
AU - Foote, April
AU - Handley, Heather K.
AU - Németh, Károly
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that have improved the manuscript. We thank Kevin Page for editorial handling of this manuscript. This study was supported by a Macquarie University Research Training Program Scholarship awarded to AF and an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP150100328) awarded to HH. LiDAR data was sourced from Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and was captured for the Auckland Council by Aerial Surveys in 2016–2018. The data used was 1m LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM) data of Auckland, with a reported vertical accuracy of ±0.2 m and horizontal accuracy of ±0.6 m. Satellite imagery was sourced from Sentinel Hub ().
Funding Information:
Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions Australian Research Council, DP150100328, Heather Handley. Macquarie University, 2017626, April Foote.
Funding Information:
We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that have improved the manuscript. We thank Kevin Page for editorial handling of this manuscript. This study was supported by a Macquarie University Research Training Program Scholarship awarded to AF and an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP150100328) awarded to HH. LiDAR data was sourced from Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and was captured for the Auckland Council by Aerial Surveys in 2016–2018. The data used was 1m LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM) data of Auckland, with a reported vertical accuracy of ±0.2 m and horizontal accuracy of ±0.6 m. Satellite imagery was sourced from Sentinel Hub (2023).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - The rapid development of Auckland City in New Zealand from an initial rural settlement to a global urban hub produced a characteristic footprint on the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF). This process was facilitated by increased anthropogenic activity that has resulted in the deterioration and destruction of many volcanic landforms and caused severe archaeological, cultural, geological and educational losses in an alarmingly short timescale. The AVF has 53 volcanic centres, and of these, 17% are classified as intact, 28% are partially intact, 30% are partially destroyed, and 25% are destroyed (including 13% that have no trace left). Based on surface area, approximately 40% of volcanic deposits in the AVF have been lost. The most common causes for impacts are public land use, quarrying and urban development. Regardless, there is significant potential to be found in the balance between the losses and gains of anthropogenic impacts on volcanic landforms. In the AVF and worldwide, geological studies have often been assisted by the presence of outcrops created by quarrying, mining, transport infrastructure and other modifications of volcanic landforms. Areas of significant volcanic geoheritage worldwide are often linked with these impacted volcanoes, and the information gained from these geoheritage areas assists in the management of geodiversity and geoeducation. Several volcanic centres are currently at risk of further destruction in the near future (Crater Hill, Waitomokia, Maugataketake, Kohuroa, Three Kings, St Heliers and McLaughlins Mt) and should be prioritised for any possible research before it is too late. We propose that a geological assessment should be a requirement before and, if possible, during any land development on or near a volcanic landform. Allowing access to scientists through the course of development in areas with volcanic landforms would, in turn, aid public and governing bodies in decision-making for the future of the city and its volcanoes in terms of increased knowledge of volcanic mechanisms of the AVF and awareness of the potential associated hazards.
AB - The rapid development of Auckland City in New Zealand from an initial rural settlement to a global urban hub produced a characteristic footprint on the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF). This process was facilitated by increased anthropogenic activity that has resulted in the deterioration and destruction of many volcanic landforms and caused severe archaeological, cultural, geological and educational losses in an alarmingly short timescale. The AVF has 53 volcanic centres, and of these, 17% are classified as intact, 28% are partially intact, 30% are partially destroyed, and 25% are destroyed (including 13% that have no trace left). Based on surface area, approximately 40% of volcanic deposits in the AVF have been lost. The most common causes for impacts are public land use, quarrying and urban development. Regardless, there is significant potential to be found in the balance between the losses and gains of anthropogenic impacts on volcanic landforms. In the AVF and worldwide, geological studies have often been assisted by the presence of outcrops created by quarrying, mining, transport infrastructure and other modifications of volcanic landforms. Areas of significant volcanic geoheritage worldwide are often linked with these impacted volcanoes, and the information gained from these geoheritage areas assists in the management of geodiversity and geoeducation. Several volcanic centres are currently at risk of further destruction in the near future (Crater Hill, Waitomokia, Maugataketake, Kohuroa, Three Kings, St Heliers and McLaughlins Mt) and should be prioritised for any possible research before it is too late. We propose that a geological assessment should be a requirement before and, if possible, during any land development on or near a volcanic landform. Allowing access to scientists through the course of development in areas with volcanic landforms would, in turn, aid public and governing bodies in decision-making for the future of the city and its volcanoes in terms of increased knowledge of volcanic mechanisms of the AVF and awareness of the potential associated hazards.
KW - ITC-HYBRID
KW - ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE
U2 - 10.1007/s12371-023-00897-8
DO - 10.1007/s12371-023-00897-8
M3 - Article
SN - 1867-2477
VL - 15
SP - 1
EP - 23
JO - Geoheritage
JF - Geoheritage
IS - 131
M1 - 131
ER -