Scripting possible futures of nanotechnologies: A methodology that enhances reflexivity

Nanoscience is full of promises. However, these promises often do not take into account the realities of product development and the limited coupling with scientific research. On the basis of literature and earlier projects, we have developed a mapping methodology (“bridging gaps in the innovation chain”) and explored it for a particular case, scanning tunnelling microscopy in the liquid phase with two possible applications. The methodology can be used instrumentally, to improve valorisation of scientific research, but also reflexively, to enable scientists (particularly junior scientists) to gain a better understanding of the possible societal contexts of their work.