TY - JOUR
T1 - Seasonal variation and controlling factors of evapotranspiration over dry semi-humid cropland in Guanzhong Plain, China
AU - Wang, Yunfei
AU - Zou, Yufeng
AU - Cai, Huanjie
AU - Zeng, Yijian
AU - He, Jianqiang
AU - Yu, Lianyu
AU - Zhang, Chao
AU - Saddique, Qaisar
AU - Peng, Xiongbiao
AU - Siddique, Kadambot H.M.
AU - Yu, Qiang
AU - Su, Zhongbo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (51879223 and 42105119), the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (2016YFC0400201), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2452021036), and the 111 Project, China B12007). We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China ( 51879223 and 42105119 ), the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China ( 2016YFC0400201 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China ( 2452021036 ), and the 111 Project , China B12007 ). We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - The Guanzhong Plain is a critical food production area in the Yellow River Basin that frequently suffers from water shortages. In this study, long-term (June 2013 to June 2018) water and energy fluxes were observed, and path analysis was conducted over an irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation field to identify the controlling factors of evapotranspiration (ET). Total ET for each crop year ranged from 627 to 775 mm, with an average growing season ET of 398 mm for wheat and 310 mm for maize. There is significant seasonal variation in both ET and surface conductance (Gs). Daily ET varied from 0.0 to 6.0 mm d–1 for wheat and 0.0 to 6.7 mm d–1 for maize. The peak daily values of Gs were 29.5 mm s–1 for wheat and 19.5 mm s–1 for maize. The direct and indirect effects of environmental and biological factors—net radiation (Rn), surface conductance (Gs), saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf area index (LAI), air temperature (Tair), and volumetric soil water content (VWC)—on ET were calculated using the path analysis method. Rn was determined to be the primary controlling factor of ET for both the summer maize and winter wheat growing seasons. Also, Gs was found to be another controlling factor that has more controlling power in the summer maize growing season than in the winter wheat season. VPD had a significant positive and direct effect on ET for both of the crop seasons, while it had a significant negative and indirect effect on ET through Gs in the summer maize season. VWC and Tair only directly affected the wheat ET. In addition, VWC had two significant paths that can indirectly affect ET through LAI and Gs. The revealed seasonal patterns and controlling factors of evapotranspiration in this agroecosystem provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water resources management of the Yellow River.
AB - The Guanzhong Plain is a critical food production area in the Yellow River Basin that frequently suffers from water shortages. In this study, long-term (June 2013 to June 2018) water and energy fluxes were observed, and path analysis was conducted over an irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation field to identify the controlling factors of evapotranspiration (ET). Total ET for each crop year ranged from 627 to 775 mm, with an average growing season ET of 398 mm for wheat and 310 mm for maize. There is significant seasonal variation in both ET and surface conductance (Gs). Daily ET varied from 0.0 to 6.0 mm d–1 for wheat and 0.0 to 6.7 mm d–1 for maize. The peak daily values of Gs were 29.5 mm s–1 for wheat and 19.5 mm s–1 for maize. The direct and indirect effects of environmental and biological factors—net radiation (Rn), surface conductance (Gs), saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf area index (LAI), air temperature (Tair), and volumetric soil water content (VWC)—on ET were calculated using the path analysis method. Rn was determined to be the primary controlling factor of ET for both the summer maize and winter wheat growing seasons. Also, Gs was found to be another controlling factor that has more controlling power in the summer maize growing season than in the winter wheat season. VPD had a significant positive and direct effect on ET for both of the crop seasons, while it had a significant negative and indirect effect on ET through Gs in the summer maize season. VWC and Tair only directly affected the wheat ET. In addition, VWC had two significant paths that can indirectly affect ET through LAI and Gs. The revealed seasonal patterns and controlling factors of evapotranspiration in this agroecosystem provide a theoretical basis for optimizing water resources management of the Yellow River.
KW - Canopy conductance
KW - Controlling factors
KW - Eddy covariance
KW - Evapotranspiration
KW - Guanzhong plain
KW - 22/4 OA procedure
KW - ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE
UR - https://ezproxy2.utwente.nl/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107242
U2 - 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107242
DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107242
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85120967458
VL - 259
JO - Agricultural water management
JF - Agricultural water management
SN - 0378-3774
M1 - 107242
ER -