Single-hologram generation of vector beams using a digital micromirror device

We describe a simple and effective method for the experimental generation of a variety of vector beams, including vector Laguerre-Gauss (vLG) and vector Bessel-Gauss (vBG), and experimentally realize vector Mathieu-Gauss (vMG) beams for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. We require only a single binary hologram on a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and use two orthogonally polarized beams with complex conjugate amplitudes to obtain independent control over both the phase and polarization structure of the generated fields. We characterize the beams using intensity measurements and Stokes polarimetry, and quantify their vector quality through concurrence. The experimental results show excellent agreement with simulations, confirming that this setup can reliably produce high-quality vector beams. The approach is compact, cost-effective, and easily adaptable, making it well-suited for a wide range of applications in beam shaping and structured light.