Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Indonesia’s Grid: Experiences of End-Users and Evaluations of Photovoltaic Systems Performance

Being the largest renewable source in Indonesia, the potential for solar electricity in this tropical country is enormous. However, the growth of installed photovoltaic (PV) systems in Indonesia is lagging behind the expected potential of solar energy conversions. Moreover, evidence regarding the suitability of PV systems in Indonesia, by research on their performance is lacking. In this thesis, PV systems in Indonesia have been evaluated from a societal and technical perspective aiming at answering the main research question: What are the experiences and attitudes of Indonesian end-users towards the electricity grid, as well as solar energy, and would a transition towards solar photovoltaic systems be feasible considering the performance of PV systems operating under Indonesia’s tropical climate conditions? The research design was divided into three parts: (I) an evaluation of the present situation regarding energy and power supply, (II) an assessment of the preferences and attitudes of end-users of the electricity grid, and (III) an evaluation of the performance of PV systems in Indonesia as compared to other climates. Based on the findings of the research, we can conclude that a transition towards the widespread use of solar PV systems is feasible for Indonesia. The very good performance of PV systems with a PR of 78 to 90% is comparably as high as in other sunny climates. An advantage for Indonesia is that a high solar irradiance is available the whole year through. Autonomous solar PV systems are a proven option for the electrification of rural areas and remote islands so that they can be continued with an improved sustainability aspect. The greatest application for the energy future of Indonesia is grid-connected PV systems. PV systems would be a sustainable option along with other renewable power generation technologies, amid fossil fuel reserves that are facing depletion. However, to achieve this goal, all potential and current stakeholders should become involved by a correct strategy that is beneficial to all. The central government holds important roles in initiating and maintaining these change processes, for example by decentralizing the energy sector to local entities and creating supporting and consistent policies.