Spatial patterns of fragmentation and quality of life: The case of Nairobi

Residential fragmentation undermines the making of space for hope. Urban fragmentation physically excludes some urban dwellers through walling, fencing and use of barriers limiting interaction and integration. Research has shown that many cities in the Global South are experiencing spatial fragmentation issues associated with increasing inequalities, social exclusion, and proliferation of gated communities. This results in distinct fragments with limited interactions and unequal quality of life (QoL) conditions. The aim of this paper is to analyse and explain the association between residential fragmentation and QoL. The case study area includes urban fragments in the city of Nairobi (Kenia). A mixed method approach was employed to understand the history, drivers and prevailing patterns of fragmentation. 415 questionnaires were used to understand three types of integration and QoL satisfaction. Results show, as expected, that slum residents felt the least integrated compared to the planned non-gated and gated neighbourhoods. Similarly, gated area residents have higher QoL satisfaction compared to other types of urban fragments. However, residents in gated areas displayed lower community integration compared to the slum and planned non-gated areas. There is a strong positive relationship between symbolic integration and QoL domains related to housing and safety; indicating that people who are satisfied with housing also perceive their neighbourhood to be friendly, and show a sense of pride and feeling of belonging. In conclusion, fragmentation is related to QoL as it is associated with social polarization and spatial exclusion through barriers and gating, self-marginalization and marginalization of the poor.