Synthesis of pyrrolizines by intramolecular capture of 1,4-dipolar intermediates in reactions of enamines with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate

Willem Verboom, G.W. Visser, W.P. Trompenaars, David Reinhoudt, Sybolt Harkema, G.J. van Hummel

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Abstract

Solvent polarity and reaction temperature strongly influence the reactions of dimethyl acetylenedicar-boxylate (DMAD) with 1-pyrrolidinyl enamines of acyclic and cyclic ketones. Whereas DMAD and 1-[1-phenyl-2-(phenylthio)ethenyl]pyrrolidine (3) give only a mixture of the isomeric 1,3-butadienes (5) in apolar solvents, in methanol the main product is the pyrrolizine 7, together with 5. Again in methanol, DMAD reacts at 0-5° with 8, 9 and 10 to give exclusively 1:1 adducts, the pyrrolizines 11,12 and 13, respectively, whereas at −50° 8 and 9 give 1:2 (enamine : DMAD) adducts, the pyrrolizines 14 and 15, respectively; a single crystal X-ray analysis of 14 gave the structure of the 1:2 adducts. In the same solvent methyl propiolate and 8 give only the linear Michael adduct 17. The enamine-ketone 18 reacts with DMAD in propylene carbonate at 0–5° to give, via (2 + 2)-cycloaddition and ring expansion, 19, and the linear Michael adduct 20. The mechanism of (2 + 2)-cycloaddition and pyrrolizine formation is discussed in terms of a common tied-ion pair intermediate formed in the first, rate-determining step, followed by a second solvent-dependent step.
Original languageUndefined
Pages (from-to)3525-3533
JournalTetrahedron
Volume37
Issue number20
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1981

Keywords

  • IR-68773

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