Systematic literature review: Digital twins' role in enhancing security for Industry 4.0 applications

Connectivity and data exchange are key features of Industry 4.0. In this paradigm, (Industrial) Internet of Things ((I)IoT) devices are a vital component facilitating the collection and transmission of environmental data from the physical system to the central station for processing and analysis (digital twin [DT]). However, although (I)IoT devices play a critical role in this process, they are not inherently equipped to run strong encryption mechanisms to secure the data they transmit over wired or wireless channels. This research aims to explore the potential of DTs in securing Industry 4.0 applications and the security mechanism employed to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data communicated between (I)IoT and DT through a systematic literature review (SLR). This SLR, based on the analysis of 67 papers published between 2018 and 2023, underscores the evolving significance of DT technology, particularly within the ambit of Industry 4.0. The findings illuminate the pervasive influence of DT technology across multiple industrial sectors. The result SLR revealed that DT is growing and being widely adopted as a security tool particularly in Industry 4.0 using enabling technology like machine learning, data analytics, blockchain, and 5G networks to provide security solutions such as intrusion detection, vulnerability assessment, cyber range, and threat intelligence.