The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access

Alexander J.A.M. van Deursen* (Corresponding Author), Jan A.G.M. van Dijk

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

591 Citations (Scopus)
667 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

For a long time, a common opinion among policy-makers was that the digital divide problem would be solved when a country’s Internet connection rate reaches saturation. However, scholars of the second-level digital divide have concluded that the divides in Internet skills and type of use continue to expand even after physical access is universal. This study—based on an online survey among a representative sample of the Dutch population—indicates that the first-level digital divide remains a problem in one of the richest and most technologically advanced countries in the world. By extending basic physical access combined with material access, the study finds that a diversity in access to devices and peripherals, device-related opportunities, and the ongoing expenses required to maintain the hardware, software, and subscriptions affect existing inequalities related to Internet skills, uses, and outcomes.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)354-375
Number of pages22
JournalNew Media and Society
Volume21
Issue number2
Early online date7 Sept 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2019

Keywords

  • UT-Hybrid-D
  • devices
  • digital divide
  • digital inequality
  • first-level digital divide
  • Internet access
  • Internet outcomes
  • Internet skills
  • material access
  • peripherals
  • Device diversity

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