Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks

Himadri Sahoo; Daan de Ruiter; Lars van der Hoeven; Daniel Stellinga; Matthias C. Velsink; Pepijn W.H. Pinkse

doi:10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367

Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks

Himadri Sahoo
, Daan de Ruiter
, Lars van der Hoeven
, Daniel Stellinga
, Matthias C. Velsink
, Pepijn W.H. Pinkse

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Time-domain physical unclonable functions (tPUFs) implemented in silicon nitride ring resonator networks exploit unavoidable manufacturing variations leading to spectro-temporal scrambling for fiber-based single-mode readout. We validate unclonability through correlation metrics across mirrored networks, demonstrate stability against thermal drift, and realize an analog tPEAC protocol and observed a peak pulse at one output channel. These results establish tPUFs as compact, robust photonic tokens for secure, remote authentication.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)
Publisher	IEEE
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3315-2559-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367
Publication status	Published - 22 Dec 2025
Event	IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2025 - Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Duration: 9 Nov 2025 → 13 Nov 2025 https://ieee-ipc.org/

Conference

Conference	IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2025
Abbreviated title	IPC 2025
Country/Territory	Singapore
City	Singapore
Period	9/11/25 → 13/11/25
Internet address	https://ieee-ipc.org/

Keywords

2026 OA procedure
Silicon nitride (Si3N4)
Ring resonators
Time-Domain PUF
Physical unclonable functions

Access to Document

10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367

Embargoed Document

Article
Final published version, 973 KB
Licence: Taverne
Embargo ends: 22/06/2026 00:00 CEST

Time-Domain Physical Unclonable Functions Using Ring Resonators
van der Hoeven, L., Stellinga, D., de Ruiter, D., Velsink, M. C. & Pinkse, P. W. H., 15 Aug 2025, 2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC). IEEE, 1 p.
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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Cite this

@inproceedings{b8062c7155954014b8c0a674212c6c5f,

title = "Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks",

abstract = "Time-domain physical unclonable functions (tPUFs) implemented in silicon nitride ring resonator networks exploit unavoidable manufacturing variations leading to spectro-temporal scrambling for fiber-based single-mode readout. We validate unclonability through correlation metrics across mirrored networks, demonstrate stability against thermal drift, and realize an analog tPEAC protocol and observed a peak pulse at one output channel. These results establish tPUFs as compact, robust photonic tokens for secure, remote authentication.",

keywords = "2026 OA procedure, Silicon nitride (Si3N4), Ring resonators, Time-Domain PUF, Physical unclonable functions",

author = "Himadri Sahoo and \{de Ruiter\}, Daan and \{van der Hoeven\}, Lars and Daniel Stellinga and Velsink, \{Matthias C.\} and Pinkse, \{Pepijn W.H.\}",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

day = "22",

doi = "10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367",

language = "English",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)",

publisher = "IEEE",

address = "United States",

note = "IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2025, IPC 2025 ; Conference date: 09-11-2025 Through 13-11-2025",

url = "https://ieee-ipc.org/",

}

TY - GEN

T1 - Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks

AU - Sahoo, Himadri

AU - de Ruiter, Daan

AU - van der Hoeven, Lars

AU - Stellinga, Daniel

AU - Velsink, Matthias C.

AU - Pinkse, Pepijn W.H.

PY - 2025/12/22

Y1 - 2025/12/22

N2 - Time-domain physical unclonable functions (tPUFs) implemented in silicon nitride ring resonator networks exploit unavoidable manufacturing variations leading to spectro-temporal scrambling for fiber-based single-mode readout. We validate unclonability through correlation metrics across mirrored networks, demonstrate stability against thermal drift, and realize an analog tPEAC protocol and observed a peak pulse at one output channel. These results establish tPUFs as compact, robust photonic tokens for secure, remote authentication.

AB - Time-domain physical unclonable functions (tPUFs) implemented in silicon nitride ring resonator networks exploit unavoidable manufacturing variations leading to spectro-temporal scrambling for fiber-based single-mode readout. We validate unclonability through correlation metrics across mirrored networks, demonstrate stability against thermal drift, and realize an analog tPEAC protocol and observed a peak pulse at one output channel. These results establish tPUFs as compact, robust photonic tokens for secure, remote authentication.

KW - 2026 OA procedure

KW - Silicon nitride (Si3N4)

KW - Ring resonators

KW - Time-Domain PUF

KW - Physical unclonable functions

U2 - 10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367

DO - 10.1109/IPC65510.2025.11282367

M3 - Conference contribution

BT - 2025 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

PB - IEEE

T2 - IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2025

Y2 - 9 November 2025 through 13 November 2025

ER -

Time Domain Physical Unclonable Functions in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator Networks

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

Access to Document

Embargoed Document

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Research output

Time-Domain Physical Unclonable Functions Using Ring Resonators

Cite this