TY - JOUR
T1 - Tin(IV) Oxide Electron Transport Layer via Industrial-Scale Pulsed Laser Deposition for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
AU - Zanoni, Kassio P.S.
AU - Pérez-Del-Rey, Daniel
AU - Dreessen, Chris
AU - Rodkey, Nathan
AU - Sessolo, Michele
AU - Soltanpoor, Wiria
AU - Morales-Masis, Monica
AU - Bolink, Henk J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 834431). The authors acknowledge support from the Comunitat Valenciana: H.B. for projects IDIFEDER/2018/061 and PROMETEU/2020/077; M.S. for project CISEJI/2022/43; K.P.S.Z. for project APOSTD/2021/368. The authors also acknowledge support by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) and the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI): Grant PDC2021-121317-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”; grants PRE2019-091181 and RYC-2016-21316 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”; Project CEX2019-000919-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; K.P.S.Z. for a Juan de la Cierva scholarship (IJC2020-045130-I). Finally, W.S. and M.M.M. acknowledge the support from the Solar-ERA.NET CUSTCO project by The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) under Contract SOL18001.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/7/12
Y1 - 2023/7/12
N2 - Electron transport layers (ETL) based on tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) are recurrently employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by many deposition techniques. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers a few advantages for the fabrication of such layers, such as being compatible with large scale, patternable, and allowing deposition at fast rates. However, a precise understanding of how the deposition parameters can affect the SnO2 film, and as a consequence the solar cell performance, is needed. Herein, we use a PLD tool equipped with a droplet trap to minimize the number of excess particles (originated from debris) reaching the substrate, and we show how to control the PLD chamber pressure to obtain surfaces with very low roughness and how the concentration of oxygen in the background gas can affect the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. Using optimized deposition conditions, we obtained solar cells in the n-i-p configuration employing methylammonium lead iodide perovskite as the absorber layer with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18% and identical performance to devices having the more typical atomic layer deposited SnO2 ETL.
AB - Electron transport layers (ETL) based on tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) are recurrently employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by many deposition techniques. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers a few advantages for the fabrication of such layers, such as being compatible with large scale, patternable, and allowing deposition at fast rates. However, a precise understanding of how the deposition parameters can affect the SnO2 film, and as a consequence the solar cell performance, is needed. Herein, we use a PLD tool equipped with a droplet trap to minimize the number of excess particles (originated from debris) reaching the substrate, and we show how to control the PLD chamber pressure to obtain surfaces with very low roughness and how the concentration of oxygen in the background gas can affect the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. Using optimized deposition conditions, we obtained solar cells in the n-i-p configuration employing methylammonium lead iodide perovskite as the absorber layer with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18% and identical performance to devices having the more typical atomic layer deposited SnO2 ETL.
KW - Electron transport layer
KW - Perovskite solar cell
KW - Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)
KW - Tin(IV) oxide
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85164426582
U2 - 10.1021/acsami.3c04387
DO - 10.1021/acsami.3c04387
M3 - Article
C2 - 37368062
AN - SCOPUS:85164426582
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 15
SP - 32621
EP - 32628
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 27
ER -
SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy