@inbook{1a63dfed4bce4c02ad71ea7e98fd4665,
title = "To Beat or Not to Beat: Beat Gestures in Direction Giving",
abstract = "Research on gesture generation for embodied conversational agents (ECA{\textquoteright}s) mostly focuses on gesture types such as pointing and iconic gestures, while ignoring another gesture type frequently used by human speakers: beat gestures. Analysis of a corpus of route descriptions showed that although annotators show very low agreement in applying a {\textquoteleft}beat filter{\textquoteright} aimed at identifying physical features of beat gestures, they are capable of reliably distinguishing beats from other gestures in a more intuitive manner. Beat gestures made up more than 30% of the gestures in our corpus, and they were sometimes used when expressing concepts for which other gesture types seemed a more obvious choice.Based on these findings we propose a simple, probabilistic model of beat production for ECA{\textquoteright}s. However, it is clear that more research is needed to determine why direction givers in some cases use beats when other gestures seem more appropriate, and vice versa.",
keywords = "IR-71442, METIS-270816, EWI-17884, EC Grant Agreement nr.: FP7/231287, Gesture and speech - gesture analysis - beats - direction giving",
author = "Mariet Theune and Brandhorst, {Chris J.}",
note = "10.1007/978-3-642-12553-9_17 ; 8th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2008 ; Conference date: 25-02-2009 Through 27-02-2009",
year = "2010",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-12553-9_17",
language = "Undefined",
isbn = "978-3-642-12552-2",
series = "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "5934",
pages = "195--206",
editor = "S. Kopp and I. Wachsmuth",
booktitle = "Gesture in Embodied Communication and Human-Computer Interaction",
address = "Germany",
}