Transparent, Conductive and Lightweight Superstrates for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

We have developed superstrates for perovskite solar cells that feature increased transparency and conductivity due to the incorporation of effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). They increase the short-circuit current density by more than 1 mA/cm2 compared to standard indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass superstrates. These ETC superstrates are composed of sodalime glass with a thin ( \sim 40 \mu \mathrm {m}) layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that features triangular cross-section microscale grooves, which are infilled with a conductive silver ink and subsequently coated by a thin ( \sim 30 nm) ITO layer such that high lateral conductivity ( < 5 \Omega /sq) is achieved without altering the surface properties of standard perovskite superstrates.