TY - JOUR
T1 - Twelve years of profile soil moisture and temperature measurements in Twente, the Netherlands
AU - Van Der Velde, R.
AU - Benninga, H.F.
AU - Retsios, V.
AU - Vermunt, P.C.
AU - Salama, S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the farmers who provided free access to the parcels where the monitoring stations have been installed. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) is acknowledged for the support via the small data project (Klein Data Project) programme for making the dataset available through its DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services) platform, project no. KDP002. Laura Dente, Zoltan Vekerdy, and Bob Su are acknowledged for their role in the development and involvement of the monitoring network until 2012. Murat Ucer is mentioned for his contribution to field data collection. Further, the authors would like to thank all the students and researchers who participated in the field data collection over the years.
Funding Information:
This research has been supported by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (grant no. KDP-002).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s).
PY - 2023/4/27
Y1 - 2023/4/27
N2 - Spread across Twente and its neighbouring regions in the east of the Netherlands, a network of 20 profile soil moisture and temperature (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80ĝ€¯cm depths) monitoring stations was established in 2009. Field campaigns have been conducted covering the growing seasons of 2009, 2015, 2016, and 2017, during which soil sampling rings and handheld probes were used to measure the top 5ĝ€¯cm volumetric soil moisture content (VSM) of 28 fields near 12 monitoring stations. In this paper, we describe the design of the monitoring network and the field campaigns, adopted instrumentation, experimental setup, field sampling strategies, and the development of sensor calibration functions. Maintenance and quality control procedures and issues specific to the Twente network are discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of open third-party datasets (i.e. land cover/use, soil information, elevation, groundwater, and meteorological observations) that can support the use and analysis of the Twente soil moisture and temperature datasets beyond the scope of this contribution. An indication for the spatial representativeness of the permanent monitoring stations is provided through comparisons of the 5ĝ€¯cm station measurements with the top 5ĝ€¯cm field-Averaged VSM derived from the field campaign measurements. The results reveal in general reasonable agreements and root mean squared errors that are dominated by underestimations of the field-Averaged VSM, which is particularly apparent for the grass fields and is strong after heavy rain. Further, we discuss the prospects the datasets offer to investigate (i) the reliability of soil moisture references that serve the development and validation of soil moisture products, and (ii) the water and energy exchanges across the groundwater-vadose-zone-Atmosphere continuum within a lowland environment in a changing climate. The datasets discussed are publicly available at 10.17026/dans-znj-wyg5 (Van der Velde et al., 2022).
AB - Spread across Twente and its neighbouring regions in the east of the Netherlands, a network of 20 profile soil moisture and temperature (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80ĝ€¯cm depths) monitoring stations was established in 2009. Field campaigns have been conducted covering the growing seasons of 2009, 2015, 2016, and 2017, during which soil sampling rings and handheld probes were used to measure the top 5ĝ€¯cm volumetric soil moisture content (VSM) of 28 fields near 12 monitoring stations. In this paper, we describe the design of the monitoring network and the field campaigns, adopted instrumentation, experimental setup, field sampling strategies, and the development of sensor calibration functions. Maintenance and quality control procedures and issues specific to the Twente network are discussed. Moreover, we provide an overview of open third-party datasets (i.e. land cover/use, soil information, elevation, groundwater, and meteorological observations) that can support the use and analysis of the Twente soil moisture and temperature datasets beyond the scope of this contribution. An indication for the spatial representativeness of the permanent monitoring stations is provided through comparisons of the 5ĝ€¯cm station measurements with the top 5ĝ€¯cm field-Averaged VSM derived from the field campaign measurements. The results reveal in general reasonable agreements and root mean squared errors that are dominated by underestimations of the field-Averaged VSM, which is particularly apparent for the grass fields and is strong after heavy rain. Further, we discuss the prospects the datasets offer to investigate (i) the reliability of soil moisture references that serve the development and validation of soil moisture products, and (ii) the water and energy exchanges across the groundwater-vadose-zone-Atmosphere continuum within a lowland environment in a changing climate. The datasets discussed are publicly available at 10.17026/dans-znj-wyg5 (Van der Velde et al., 2022).
KW - ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE
KW - ITC-GOLD
U2 - 10.5194/essd-15-1889-2023
DO - 10.5194/essd-15-1889-2023
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85159376729
SN - 1866-3508
VL - 15
SP - 1889
EP - 1910
JO - Earth system science data
JF - Earth system science data
IS - 4
ER -