Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures

Cristian Rosero-Arias; Geraldo Cristian Vásquez; Manuel Herrera-Zaldívar; R. Margoth Córdova-Castro; Israel De Leon; Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda; Han Gardeniers; David Maestre; Alan Aguirre-Soto; Arturo Susarrey-Arce

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714

Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures

Cristian Rosero-Arias^*
, Geraldo Cristian Vásquez^*
, Manuel Herrera-Zaldívar
, R. Margoth Córdova-Castro
, Israel De Leon
, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
, Han Gardeniers
, David Maestre
, Alan Aguirre-Soto^*
, Arturo Susarrey-Arce^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Lanthanide-doped ZrO ₂ ceramics are promising materials for optics due to their high refractive index and tunable luminescent properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of Yb ³⁺ and Er ³⁺ dopant concentrations on the emission behavior of lanthanide-doped 3D ZrO ₂ microarchitectures fabricated using two-photon lithography. Thermal treatments have been carried out at 600°C and 750°C to promote the stabilization of the ZrO ₂ tetragonal phase (t-ZrO ₂) and at 1000°C to induce phase transition in ZrO ₂ to the monoclinic (m-ZrO ₂) phase in the 3D microarchitectures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallinity changes across the thermal treatments. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements confirm emission bands of Yb ³⁺ and Er ³⁺ single dopants and Yb ³⁺:Er ³⁺ co-dopants. Variations in Yb ³⁺ content reveal that the PL emission of Er ³⁺ increases (e.g., ⁴S _3/2 → ⁴I _15/2), which is attributed to the interplay between the dopant concentrations, defect structures and the ZrO ₂ host. The results highlight the importance of ZrO ₂ microarchitectures' crystallinity and co-doping relationship, which enable the promotion of Er ³⁺ emissions. We expect our research will find applications in 3D optical systems.

Original language	English
Article number	102714
Journal	Applied Materials Today
Volume	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714
Publication status	Published - Jun 2025

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Cite this

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title = "Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures",

abstract = "Lanthanide-doped ZrO 2 ceramics are promising materials for optics due to their high refractive index and tunable luminescent properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ dopant concentrations on the emission behavior of lanthanide-doped 3D ZrO 2 microarchitectures fabricated using two-photon lithography. Thermal treatments have been carried out at 600°C and 750°C to promote the stabilization of the ZrO 2 tetragonal phase (t-ZrO 2) and at 1000°C to induce phase transition in ZrO 2 to the monoclinic (m-ZrO 2) phase in the 3D microarchitectures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallinity changes across the thermal treatments. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements confirm emission bands of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ single dopants and Yb 3+:Er 3+ co-dopants. Variations in Yb 3+ content reveal that the PL emission of Er 3+ increases (e.g., 4S 3/2 → 4I 15/2), which is attributed to the interplay between the dopant concentrations, defect structures and the ZrO 2 host. The results highlight the importance of ZrO 2 microarchitectures' crystallinity and co-doping relationship, which enable the promotion of Er 3+ emissions. We expect our research will find applications in 3D optical systems.",

author = "Cristian Rosero-Arias and V{\'a}squez, \{Geraldo Cristian\} and Manuel Herrera-Zald{\'i}var and C{\'o}rdova-Castro, \{R. Margoth\} and Leon, \{Israel De\} and Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda and Han Gardeniers and David Maestre and Alan Aguirre-Soto and Arturo Susarrey-Arce",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714",

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journal = "Applied Materials Today",

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T1 - Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures

AU - Rosero-Arias, Cristian

AU - Vásquez, Geraldo Cristian

AU - Herrera-Zaldívar, Manuel

AU - Córdova-Castro, R. Margoth

AU - Leon, Israel De

AU - Ruiz-Zepeda, Francisco

AU - Gardeniers, Han

AU - Maestre, David

AU - Aguirre-Soto, Alan

AU - Susarrey-Arce, Arturo

PY - 2025/6

Y1 - 2025/6

N2 - Lanthanide-doped ZrO 2 ceramics are promising materials for optics due to their high refractive index and tunable luminescent properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ dopant concentrations on the emission behavior of lanthanide-doped 3D ZrO 2 microarchitectures fabricated using two-photon lithography. Thermal treatments have been carried out at 600°C and 750°C to promote the stabilization of the ZrO 2 tetragonal phase (t-ZrO 2) and at 1000°C to induce phase transition in ZrO 2 to the monoclinic (m-ZrO 2) phase in the 3D microarchitectures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallinity changes across the thermal treatments. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements confirm emission bands of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ single dopants and Yb 3+:Er 3+ co-dopants. Variations in Yb 3+ content reveal that the PL emission of Er 3+ increases (e.g., 4S 3/2 → 4I 15/2), which is attributed to the interplay between the dopant concentrations, defect structures and the ZrO 2 host. The results highlight the importance of ZrO 2 microarchitectures' crystallinity and co-doping relationship, which enable the promotion of Er 3+ emissions. We expect our research will find applications in 3D optical systems.

AB - Lanthanide-doped ZrO 2 ceramics are promising materials for optics due to their high refractive index and tunable luminescent properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ dopant concentrations on the emission behavior of lanthanide-doped 3D ZrO 2 microarchitectures fabricated using two-photon lithography. Thermal treatments have been carried out at 600°C and 750°C to promote the stabilization of the ZrO 2 tetragonal phase (t-ZrO 2) and at 1000°C to induce phase transition in ZrO 2 to the monoclinic (m-ZrO 2) phase in the 3D microarchitectures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallinity changes across the thermal treatments. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements confirm emission bands of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ single dopants and Yb 3+:Er 3+ co-dopants. Variations in Yb 3+ content reveal that the PL emission of Er 3+ increases (e.g., 4S 3/2 → 4I 15/2), which is attributed to the interplay between the dopant concentrations, defect structures and the ZrO 2 host. The results highlight the importance of ZrO 2 microarchitectures' crystallinity and co-doping relationship, which enable the promotion of Er 3+ emissions. We expect our research will find applications in 3D optical systems.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105002328600

U2 - 10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714

DO - 10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714

M3 - Article

SN - 2352-9407

VL - 44

JO - Applied Materials Today

JF - Applied Materials Today

M1 - 102714

ER -

Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures

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